The paper “The Scientific Competitiveness of Nations” is focused on the analysis of the structure of nation research systems and was published by tPLOSone. This works extends the Economic Fitness and Complexity approach, developed by L. Pietronero, A. Gabrielli and their group to the scientific competition of countries in the different scientific sectors by applying the method to the bipartite network countries-scientific sectors built from the Scopus database. The EFC method consists in a statistical physics and complex networks approach to the international trade environment seen as an ecosystem of interactions between countries on different industrial sectors. Since then I have developed a close collaboration with the group working on a bottom-up data driven approach to the economic analysis.