Two Different Universes from the Same Data

A new video on YouTube explaining a recent paper of ours

A new generation of galaxy surveys has now tested that assumption directly.

Instead of assuming homogeneity and building models around it, these surveys measure how density behaves as scale increases and ask a simple question: does the universe actually settle into an average?

The answer is not based on a single structure or an isolated anomaly. Across the largest scales probed, structure persists where uniformity is expected, and the measured density does not clearly converge.

This creates a deeper problem than is often discussed. If average density depends on how and where it is measured, then concepts like a single cosmic background or a single global expansion rate become less automatic.

This video examines what the survey data actually shows, how it is normally interpreted in standard cosmology, and why testing homogeneity directly leads to a very different picture of the universe.

Not because the data is flawed, but because the assumption behind its interpretation is finally being questioned.